Lupus
An autoimmune condition that can affect skin, joints and other organs. Symptoms differ widely between people.
If pain is sudden or severe, or comes with trouble breathing, chest pain or sudden weakness, seek emergency care immediately.
Common symptoms and how they vary
Severe tiredness, joint pain or swelling, and a rash that may spread across the cheeks and nose in a butterfly shape.
Sensitivity to sunlight, fever, hair loss, mouth ulcers, and chest pain when breathing deeply.
It can affect the kidneys, blood and nervous system. Symptoms come in flares with calmer periods in between.
Causes and risk factors
An autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks healthy tissue.
The cause is not fully clear; it is thought to be a mix of genes, hormones and environmental triggers such as sunlight, some infections or medicines. It is more common in women and often starts between 15 and 45.
How it is usually diagnosed
Diagnosis often takes time and relies on symptoms, an examination and several tests.
Tests include antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA, complement levels, blood counts, and urine tests to check the kidneys. A positive ANA on its own does not mean lupus.
Treatment categories in general terms
Treatment aims to control flares and protect the organs.
Treatment categories include antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine, anti-inflammatories, steroids, immunosuppressants and some biologic therapies, together with sun protection.
Living with the condition
Protect yourself from the sun with covering clothes and sunscreen.
Plan your activity around your energy, and keep up with check-ups and blood and urine tests.
Plan pregnancy with your doctor in advance, and get urgent care for fever, chest pain or swollen legs.
Common questions
Is lupus contagious?
No, lupus does not pass from one person to another.
Can people with lupus have children?
Many have healthy pregnancies with planning ahead and specialist follow-up.
Questions you could ask your doctor
- Which symptoms should I report right away?
- How do I handle sun sensitivity?
- How often do I need follow-up tests?
Tools and resources
Trusted sources for further reading
General education in line with the patient pages of these sources.